Longevity without space exploration is like a club without dancing, what is the point? Once you get to a certain age you realize that you can no longer change your act. So you have to change your audience, as the saying goes, or stop performing altogether.

I would be willing to bet on this market resolving NA.

How will this be determined? Is there a measure of country R&D expenditure on healthcare and space exploration?

As of now I don't have a source to resolve on. Given that this is a market over a decade away, the industries are likely to change. I'll judge on what is conically considered longevity/space exploration in 2035, and use whatever financial data exists then to compile a resolution

Does eg cancer research count as longevity research, or must the funding be specifically for senescence?

Broadly speaking it should cover illnesses related to age, and illnesses that largely effect older populations.